In this contemporary age, the ethics of zoos and captive animal breeding programs come under close scrutiny. With animal rights activism gaining momentum, there is an unending debate on the moral implications of captivating wildlife for education, conservation, and recreation. One cannot sidestep the reality that zoos and breeding programs have accomplished commendable work in conserving endangered species. However, the debate lingers, throwing light on the possible negative impacts of confinement on animal welfare. This comprehensive review discusses both sides of the coin, bringing into perspective conflicting viewpoints about the ethics of zoos and captive animal breeding programs.